Raffaello Cortina Editore

Bibliografia ragionata Il lavoro riguarda una ricerca bibliografica compiuta dal 1999 ad oggi sui contributi degli psicoanalisti della Società Psicoanalitica Italiana (SPI) sulla questione epistemologica e sui temi riguardanti il confronto fra Psicoanalisi e Neuroscienze. La ricerca è stata effettuata sulle due riviste della SPI, Rivista di Psicoanalisi e Psiche, su PubMed, sul PEP e sul web. I risultati mostrano un grande interesse di molti ricercatori psicoanalisti verso la scienza della mente che non può prescindere dal contributo della Psicoanalisi. PAROLE CHIAVE:  Bibliografia, epistemologia, Neuroscienze, Psicoanalisi, SPI. Annotated bibliography. This work concerns a bibliographical research carried out from 1999 to the present on the contributions of psychoanalysts of the Italian Psychoanalytic Society (SPI) on the epistemological question and on issues concerning the comparison between psychoanalysis and neuroscience.The search was carried out in the two SPI journals, Rivista di Psicoanalisi and Psiche, on PubMed, PEP and the web. The results show a great interest of many psychoanalytic researchers in the science of the mind, which cannot disregard the contribution of psychoanalysis. KEY WORDS: Bibliography, epistemology, Neuroscience, Psychoanalysis, SPI. Bibliothèque raisonnée. L’ouvrage concerne une recherche bibliographique réalisée de 1999 à aujourd’hui sur les contributions des psychanalystes de la Société Italienne de Psychanalyse (SPI) sur la question épistémologique et sur les enjeux concernant la comparaison entre psychanalyse et neurosciences. La recherche a été effectuée dans les deux revues du SPI, Rivista di Psicoanalisi et Psiche, sur PubMed, sur PEP et sur le web. Les résultats montrent un grand intérêt de nombreux chercheurs psychanalystes pour la science de l’esprit qui ne peut ignorer l’apport de la psychanalyse. MOTS CLÉS:  Bibliographie, épistémologie, Neurosciences, Psychanalyse, SPI. Bibliografía comentada. El trabajo se refiere a una investigación bibliográfica realizada desde 1999 hasta la actualidad sobre las aportaciones de los psicoanalistas de la Sociedad Psicoanalítica Ita liana (SPI) sobre la cuestión epistemológica y la comparación entre psicoanálisis y neurociencia. La investigación se llevó a cabo en las dos revistas de la SPI, Rivista di Psicoanalisi y Psiche, en PubMed, en PEP y en la web. Los resultados muestran un gran interés de muchos investigadores psicoanalistas hacia la ciencia de la mente, que no puede prescindir de la contribución del psicoanálisis. PALABRAS CLAVE: Bibliografía, epistemología, Neurociencia, Psicoanálisis, SPI. Kommentierte Bibliografie. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit einer zwischen 1999 und heute durchgeführten bibliographischen Recherche zu den Beiträgen der Psychoanalytiker der Società Psicoanalitica Italiana (SPI) zur epistemologischen Frage und zu Themen bezüglich des Vergleichs zwischen Psychoanalyse und Neurowissenschaften. Die Recherche wurde in beiden Zeitschriften der SPI, Rivista di Psicoanalisi und Psiche, in PubMed, PEP und im Internet durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein großes Interesse vieler psychoanalytischer Wissenschaftler an der Neurowissenschaft, welche den Beitrag der Psychoanalyse nicht außer Acht lassen kann. SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER: Bibliographie, Epistemologie, Neurowissenschaften, Psychoanalyse, SPI.

Il Sé, l’Io e la relazione psicoanalisi / neuroscienze: complessità del reale e vertici della conoscenza Psicoanalisi e neuroscienze muovono da vertici, metodi, sistemi concettuali e linguistici diversi; possono utilmente dialogare, ma non sono fra loro riducibili. La psicoanalisi coglie un livello di realtà che non è raggiungibile con i metodi delle neuroscienze, che a loro volta offrono conoscenze che il metodo psicoanalitico non può ottenere. Ognuna delle due aree incontra un limite, ma anche un necessario completamento, nell’altra:il tema del Sé illustra la complessità di tale nesso, all’interno di una visione dialettica e complessa, relativa ma non relativistica, della conoscenza. Parole chiave: Io, modelli neurobiologici, modelli psicoanalitici, neuroscienze, psicoanalisi, pluralismo epistemologico, Sé, soggettività. The self, the ego and the relationship psychoanalysis / neuroscience: complexity of reality and the vertex of knowledge. Psychoanalysis and neuroscience move from different vertices, methods, conceptual and linguistic systems; they can usefully dialogue, but they are not reducible to each other. Psychoanalysis grasps a level of reality that cannot be reached by neuroscience methods, which in turn offer knowledge that the psychoanalytic method cannot. Each of the two areas encounters a limitation, but also a necessary completion, in the other: the theme of the Self illustrates the complexity of this nexus, within a dialectical and complex, relative but not relativistic vision of knowledge. Keywords: Ego, epistemological pluralism, neurobiological models, neurosciences, psychoanalysis, psychoanalytical models, Self, subjectivity. Le Soi, le Moi et la relation psychanalyse/neurosciences : complexité du réel et sommets de la connaissance. La psychanalyse et les neurosciences évoluent à partir de perspectives, de méthodes, de systèmes conceptuels et linguistiques différents ; elles peuvent dialoguer utilement, mais ne sont pas réductibles les unes aux autres. La psychanalyse capture un niveau de réalité qui n’est pas réalisable avec les méthodes des neurosciences, qui à leur tour offrent une connaissance que la méthode la psychanalyse ne peut pas obtenir. Chacun des deux domaines rencontre une limite, mais aussi un nécessaire achèvement, dans l’autre: le thème du Soi illustre la complexité de cette connexion, au sein d’une vision dialectique et complexe, relative mais non relativiste, de la connaissance. Mots-clés: Moi, modèles neurobiologiques, modèles psychanalytiques, neuroscience, psychoanalyse, pluralisme épistémologique, Soi, subjectivité. El Self el Yo y la relación psicoanálisis/neurociencias: complejidad de la realidad y cumbres del conocimiento. Psicoanálisis y neurociencia se mueven desde diferentes perspectivas, métodos, sistemas conceptuales y lingüísticos; pueden dialogar útilmente, pero no son reducibles entre sí. El psicoanálisis captura un nivel de realidad que no es alcanzable con los métodos de la neurociencia, que a su vez ofrecen conocimientos que el método psicoanalítico no puede obtener. Cada uno de los dos ámbitos encuentra en el otro un límite, pero también una culminación necesaria: el tema del Self ilustra la complejidad de esta conexión, dentro de una visión dialéctica y compleja, relativa pero no relativista, del conocimiento. Palabras clave: Yo, modelos neurobiológicos, modelos psicoanalíticos, neurociencias, psicoanálisis, pluralismo epistemológico, Self, subjetividad. Das Selbst, das Ich und das Verhältnis Psychoanalyse/Neurowissenschaften: Komplexität des Realen und Standpunkte der Erkenntnis. Psychoanalyse und Neurowissenschaften gehen von unterschiedlichen Standpunkten, Methoden, konzeptuellen und linguistischen Systemen aus; sie können einen nützlichen Dialog führen, sind jedoch nicht aufeinander reduzierbar. Die Psychoanalyse erfasst eine Ebene der Realität, die mit den Methoden der Neurowissenschaften nicht eingeholt werden kann, die wiederum ihrerseits Erkenntnisse bieten, welche die psychoanalytische Methode nicht erlangen kann. Jeder der beiden Bereiche stößt im anderen auf eine Grenze, aber auch auf eine notwendige Vervollständigung: Das Thema des Selbst veranschaulicht die Komplexität dieses Zusammenhangs innerhalb einer dialektischen und komplexen, relativen aber nicht relativistischenAuffassung der Erkenntnis. Schlüsselwörter: Ich, neurobiologische Modelle, psychoanalytische Modelle, epistemologischer Pluralismus, Neurowissenschaft, Psychoanalyse, Selbst, Subjektivität.

Starting from the constitutive incompleteness of the human, the pathways of subjectivization and humanisation through the work of culture are analysed, with the associated dehumanising risks that constantly resurface in conditions of historical and cultural crises. Forced migration, pandemics and war are analysed as «traumatic contexts» that configure ‘extreme’ anthropological situations capable of profoundly influencing the construction of subjectivities and processes of cultural transmission. In particular, the psychic and anthropological dimension of risk that emerges in experiences of relations with the foreigner and the enemy is examined, phantasmatic places as well as historical configurations in which the human/inhuman interweaving becomes particularly evident.KEY WORDS: Border, cultural work, foreigner, human/inhuman, stranger, trauma.

Epidemics arenot only a health problem, they also involve social, cultural, political, financial and even psychological processes, which require complex and multidimensional approaches. After delving into the concept of the «epidemic of fear» and its unconscious roots, the article examines the «vexata quaestio» as to whether this pandemic has caused negative repercussions on the social structure and culture, or whether it has merely unmasked its pre-existing flaws, and considers the need to construct reflective spaces capable of helping  people to orient themselves amidst uncertainty, avoiding the risk of defensive action at the mercy of phantasms and prejudices. In conclusion, the idea is postulated that psychoanalytic thinking, especially in its group-and socio-analytic declinations, can be an effective aid in facing fear and inspiring «good enough» leadership that is capable of governing situations of uncertainty by resorting to «negative capability».KEYWORDS: Fear epidemic, group, leadership, negative capability, stigmatisation.

Excessive brightness and the resulting light pollution have taken away space from the value of darkness, the meaning that the perception of darkness can have. There are many harms at the psychological, physical, scientific and cultural levels that light pollution can cause. Two clinical vignettes specifically illustrate how significant in emotional and relational terms an excess of ambient brightness or, conversely, the irruption of darkness into the analysis room can be.KEY WORDS: Darkness, light, lighting, invisible, visual perception and abstention.

In the present work, I attempt to define virtual reality from a psychoanalytic point of view and identify the reasons for its appeal, and why some people become addicted to it. I will therefore seek to differentiate virtual reality from other worlds of imagination, such asplay or the literary tale. I believe virtual reality must be conceived as a special category of psychic reality, distinct from and opposite to the field of creative fantasy. Indeed, creative imagination is in contact with psychic reality, while virtual reality, sensorially constructed and preset by others, contrasts with the relational experience, thereby taking the place of the emotional and affective world.KEY WORDS: Alternative reality, imagination, make-believe, metaverse, psychic reality, virtual reality.

Starting from the etymology of ‘risk’, unforeseen situations are addressed, making the task of governingtheir consequences difficult. The effect and consequences of the recent pandemic, with its disruptive effect on behaviour and life, reduced to pure survival, in order to defend which a deadly principle has been embraced, that of dissolving the bonds that constitute the essence of life itself. The risks of the digital revolution, which leads to mutual control and surveillance to manipulate and influence behaviour and opinions. And in which otherness disappears, in the name of an inclusion that erases differences. Finally, the borderlines are examined as exemplars of the prevailing psychic condition, with their problems due to the difficulty of establishing boundaries, limits between self and other, with the consequent risk of psychic collapse.KEY WORDS: Unexpected, ungovernable, survival, otherness, borders, breakdown.

In this paper, risk is dealt with from the viewpoint of dream-work. In certain apparently neurotic clinical conditions, dream-work seems to parcel itself, thus determining two different types of dream: one aimed at elaborating unconscious desires, and another aimed at representing an only seemingly preconscious thought. Here, the oneiric work seems to disjoin, rather than conjoin, preconscious thoughts from repressed unconscious desires. Yet, such disjoining is necessary for maintaining a narcissism, often grandiose and primitive, which would otherwise crumble if linked to hatred towards a parental figure who, through excessive idealisation, had trapped subjectivity into the grandiose Self and its unrealistic demands. The paper also hypothesizes a similarity between the parcelling of social work and the «multi-activity» of individual oneiric work.KEYWORDS: Grandiose Self, multi-activity, oneiric work, parcelling, psychic work, risk society.

The work deals with the theme of psychological risk factors in childhood, linking it from the outset to the complexity of the processes that support development, processes that are in turn investigated by different research perspectives that, by integrating, enrich our understanding. The author highlights how this broadened scientific outlook makes it possible to focus more and more accurately on how a child’s affective, cognitive and relational competences are built early on through his or her first interactions with the environment, going on to delineate with increasing clarity the close link between intrapsychic and interpsychic. An enlarged view that confirms many of the hypotheses underlying the major models of psychoanalytic theory. In this enlarged framework, the article then examines how the current sociocultural pressures to which the individual and the group are subjected, end up being risk factors for the physiological psychic development of the child, subtracting from the necessary relationality of psychic becoming the space-time necessary for the establishment of  mental growth processes.KEY WORDS: Diagnostic evaluation,fantasy, precocity, relationality, loneliness, psychic space-time.

The author discusses some reflections arising from clinical work, on the subject of risk as a pathological potentiality or, on the contrary, as an opportunity for growth. She presents an evolutionary point of view in the evaluation of the patient that also takes into account risk indices and transformative possibilities, in consideration of environmental stimuli. She emphasises in conclusion the need not to move away from an ethical vision that privileges the need for patient care as the first objective that does not preclude, but rather favours the expansion of the patient’s mind and of the analytic couple at work.KEY WORDS: Developmental potential, ethics, psychotic potential, risk.